Rym Labdaoui, Fatiha Youcef Ettoumi, University of Sciences and Technologies Houari Boumediene, Algeria; Khalida Ghanem, Center for Development of Advanced Technologies, Algeria; Mourad Nedil, University of Quebec at Abitibi-Temiscamingue (UQAT), Canada; Larbi Talbi, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Canada; Ismail Ben Mabrouk, Durham University, United Kingdom